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Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War, was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas .
The Marais des Cygnes massacre (/ ˌ m ɛər d ə ˈ z iː n,-ˈ s iː n, ˈ m ɛər d ə z iː n /, [1] [2] also / m ə ˌ r iː d ə ˈ s iː n, m ə ˌ r eɪ d ə ˈ s eɪ n /) [citation needed] is considered the last significant act of violence in Bleeding Kansas prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War.
The passing of the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854 began the period called "Bleeding Kansas".Whether the new Kansas Territory would be slave or free was left up to popular sovereignty, counter to the prohibitions of the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Border ruffians operated from Missouri. It was said that they voted and shot in Kansas, but slept in Missouri. [9] They not only interfered in territorial elections, but also committed outrages on Free-State settlers and destroyed their property. This violence gave the origin of the phrase "Bleeding Kansas". However, political killings and ...
This period, known as "Bleeding Kansas" or "the Border Wars", directly presaged the American Civil War. The major incidents of Bleeding Kansas include the Wakarusa War, the Sacking of Lawrence, the Pottawatomie massacre, the Battle of Black Jack, the Battle of Osawatomie, and the Marais des Cygnes massacre.
Lawrence, Kansas / Wakarusa River Valley: Bleeding Kansas: 2 Free-Staters vs Border Ruffians: Sacking of Lawrence: May 21, 1856 Lawrence, Kansas Bleeding Kansas 1 [6] Pro-slavery mob [7] vs abolitionist civilians Pottawatomie massacre [8] May 24–25, 1856 Franklin County, Kansas: Bleeding Kansas 5 Free-Staters [9] vs Pro-slavery settlers [10 ...
The Battle of Black Jack took place on June 2, 1856, when antislavery forces, led by the noted abolitionist John Brown, attacked the encampment of Henry C. Pate near Baldwin City, Kansas. The battle is cited as one incident of "Bleeding Kansas" and a contributing factor leading up to the American Civil War of 1861 to 1865.
The Wakarusa War was an armed standoff that took place in the Kansas Territory during November and December 1855. It is often cited by historians as the first instance of violence during the "Bleeding Kansas" conflict between anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions in the region.