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The sclera, [note 1] also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. [2] In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. [3]
The homozygous mutation causes prenatal onset of recurrent fractures of the ribs and long bones, demineralization, decreased ossification of the skull, and blue sclerae; it is clinically type II or type III. [77] Family members who are heterozygous for OI XVI may have recurrent fractures, osteopenia and blue sclerae. [77] [78]
The uvea (/ ˈ j uː v i ə /; [1] derived from Latin: uva meaning "grape"), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, vascular tunic or vascular layer, is the pigmented middle layer of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, precisely between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.
Blue eyes are also found in southern Europe, Central Asia, South Asia, North Africa and West Asia. [58] [59] Approximately 8% to 10% of the global population have blue eyes. [35] A 2002 study found that the prevalence of blue eye color among the white population in the United States to be 33.8% for those born from 1936 through 1951.
After anesthetizing the eye with medication, the conjunctiva may be moved with a cotton swab to observe the location of the enlarged blood vessels. [ citation needed ] In very rare cases, if episcleritis does not respond to treatment, then a biopsy may be considered, [ 6 ] which help provide information regarding any underlying condition ...
The irises of human eyes exhibit a wide spectrum of colours. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [1] [2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera.The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis.
It contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. [1] The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina.