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In 1900, only 740,000 African Americans lived outside the South, just 8% of the nation's total Black population. By 1970, more than 10.6 million African Americans lived outside the South, 47% of the nation's total. [32]: 18 Because the migrants concentrated in the big cities of the north and west, their influence was magnified in those places.
In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States, the Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the Northeast, Midwest and West.
The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration is a 2010 non-fiction book by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Isabel Wilkerson.The book provides a detailed historical account of the Great Migration, a movement of approximately six million African Americans from the Southern United States to the Midwest, Northeast, and West between 1915 and 1970.
The Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the other three regions of the United States. It took place from 1941 through World War II , and it lasted until 1970. [ 204 ]
Approximately one and a half million African Americans move from the Southern United States to the North and Midwest. More than five million migrate in the Second Great Migration from 1940 to 1970, which includes more destinations in California and the West. [citation needed] 1917. May–June – East St. Louis Riot. [citation needed]
The number one cause of black migration out of the South at this time was to escape racial violence or "bulldozing" by white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and the White League, as well as widespread repression under the Black Codes, discriminatory laws that rendered blacks second-class citizens after Reconstruction ended. [5]
A majority of African American women worked as servants, and they were paid even less than men. In 1948, 6 out of 10 African American women worked as servants. In 1998, African Americans were one of the fastest growing entrepreneurial groups in the United States. Over half of the black population in America worked a white-collar job.
During the period of disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era, mainly the years 1890–1907, white Democrats passed new state constitutions and state laws, and used informal local practices across the South to prevent African American citizens from registering to vote and voting. States became one-party Democratic bastions in which the ...