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A unique form of freshwater salmon farming occurs in some hydroelectric canals in New Zealand. A site in Tekapo, fed by fast, cold waters from the Southern Alps, is the highest salmon farm in the world, 677 m (2,221 ft) above sea level. [117] Before they are killed, cage salmon are sometimes anaesthetised with a herbal extract.
Salmon farming is significant in Chile, Norway, Scotland, Canada and the Faroe Islands; it is the source for most salmon consumed in the United States and Europe. Atlantic salmon are also, in very small volumes, farmed in Russia and Tasmania , Australia.
Farming carnivorous fish such as salmon, however, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, such farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The 2008 global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO totaled 33.8 million tonnes worth about US$60 billion.
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To produce one kilograms of farmed salmon, products from several kilograms of wild fish are fed to them – this can be described as the "fish-in-fish-out" (FIFO) ratio. In 1995, salmon had a FIFO ratio of 7.5 (meaning 7.5 kilograms of wild fish feed were required to produce one kilogram of salmon); by 2006 the ratio had fallen to 4.9. [103]
Farmed salmon production worldwide increased from 47,000 tons to 550,000 tons during the years from 1985 to 1995. [2] In 1995 Maine comprised approximately 1.8% of the total world production of salmon. In 1997 the Maine aquaculture industry produced 22.5 million pounds of salmon from 27 sites for a total of $50 million.
Mowi operation on Loch Ailort, Scotland, one of the oldest Atlantic salmon farms. The first company to use the name Marine Harvest was founded in Lochailort, Scotland by Unilever in 1965 [10] at the outset of the Atlantic salmon farming industry. [11] [12] Unilever had been developing farming methods at a research facility there. [13]
Huon Aquaculture is a large aquaculture and food processing enterprise located in Tasmania, Australia.Founded in 1986, Huon has grown to become the second largest salmon producer in the state, after ASX-listed Tassal; it employs 487 Tasmanians and produces 25,000 tonnes of salmon annually. [2]