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Limescale is a hard, chalky deposit, consisting mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3). It often builds up inside kettles , boilers , and pipework, especially that for hot water. It is also often found as a similar deposit on the inner surfaces of old pipes and other surfaces where hard water has flowed.
Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime and is produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions to form limescale. It has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid , but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
The Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment at UCSF offers additional tips to help minimize exposure to toxic chemicals, like those sometimes found in microplastics.
We’re concerned because they do have this ability to affect so many different types of organs, and they’re so prevalent in the environment and in people that we worry about their health effects.
Limescale build-up inside a pipe reduces both liquid flow and thermal conduction from the pipe, so will reduce thermal efficiency when used as a heat exchanger.. A descaling agent or chemical descaler is a liquid chemical substance used to remove limescale from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, water heaters, and kettles.
Recent studies show how dietary choices may affect a person's risk of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer, and cancer of the head and neck.
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. To effectively control factors that may affect health, the requirements that must be met to create a healthy environment must be determined. [ 1 ]
Oilfield scale inhibition is the process of preventing the formation of scale from blocking or hindering fluid flow through pipelines, valves, and pumps used in oil production and processing.