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C is the number of correct words, N is the number of words in the reference (N=S+D+C) The intuition behind 'deletion' and 'insertion' is how to get from the reference to the hypothesis. So if we have the reference "This is wikipedia" and hypothesis "This _ wikipedia", we call it a deletion. Note that since N is the number of words in the ...
A round-trip translation is not testing one system, but two systems: the language pair of the engine for translating into the target language, and the language pair translating back from the target language. Consider the following examples of round-trip translation performed from English to Italian and Portuguese from Somers (2005):
Furthermore, Google carried out a test that required native speakers of each language to rate the translation on a scale between 0 and 6, and Google Translate scored 5.43 on average. [14] When used as a dictionary to translate single words, Google Translate is highly inaccurate because it must guess between polysemic words.
The word-based translation is not widely used today; phrase-based systems are more common. Most phrase-based systems are still using GIZA++ to align the corpus [citation needed]. The alignments are used to extract phrases or deduce syntax rules. [11] And matching words in bi-text is still a problem actively discussed in the community.
Karat et al. found in one study of average computer users in 1999 that the average rate for transcription was 32.5 words per minute, and 19.0 words per minute for composition. [2] In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast", "moderate", and "slow" groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm, respectively.
Statistical and neural machine translation: Moses: Cross-platform: LGPL: No fee required: 4.0 [6] Yes: Drop-in replacement for Pharaoh, features factored translation models and decoding of confusion networks. Moses for Mere Mortals: Ubuntu Linux: GPL: No fee required: 2014-11-16: Yes: Free open source; based on Moses; translation memories ...
Pay: 30 to 50 cents per word (print); or $50 to $100 (online) ... Pay: 100% of your set rate ($150 to $450 on average, according to nDash) Categories/Topics: Varies by project. 11. Textbroker
Word-sense disambiguation concerns finding a suitable translation when a word can have more than one meaning. The problem was first raised in the 1950s by Yehoshua Bar-Hillel. [33] He pointed out that without a "universal encyclopedia", a machine would never be able to distinguish between the two meanings of a word. [34]