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The Mongolian Revolution of 1911 [a] occurred when the region of Outer Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [1] A combination of factors, including economic hardship and failure to resist Western imperialism, led many in China to be unhappy with the Qing government.
The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia [a] was a country in Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1915 and again from 1921 to 1924. By the spring of 1911, some prominent Mongol nobles including Prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren persuaded the Jebstundamba Khutukhtu to convene a meeting of nobles and ecclesiastical officials to discuss independence from Qing China.
In October 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, with one province after another declaring its independence from the Qing government. On 1 December 1911 Outer Mongolia declared independence, and established a theocracy under the Khutuktu. On 29 December he was installed as the Bogd Khan (Great Khan, or Emperor) of Mongolia. [5]
The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongolian people". [1]Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolution of 1911, [a] under the Bogd Khan (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu).
National Revolution: 1911: Bogd Khaganate: 1911–1919: Chinese occupation: 1919–1921: People's Revolution (Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate) 1921 1921–1924: People's Republic: 1924–1992: Democratic Revolution: 1990: Modern Mongolia: 1990–present
In December 1911, during the Xinhai Revolution, Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty in the Mongolian Revolution of 1911.Mongolia became a de facto absolute theocratic monarchy led by the Bogd Khan.
Bayantömöriin Khaisan (Mongolian: Баянтөмөрийн Хайсан; Chinese: 伯顏帖木儿·海山), also spelled Khayishan (ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ, qayišan) [1] (c. 1862 [2]-1917 [3]), was one of leading figures of the Mongolian Revolution of 1911 for Mongolian independence from China.
Outer Mongolia gained independence from Qing China in 1911, and enjoyed brief autonomy before it was seized by the Beiyang government of China in 1919. After a Soviet-backed revolution in 1921, the Mongolian People's Republic was established in 1924.