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Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screwworm fly, or simply screwworm or screw-worm, is a species of parasitic fly that is well known for the way in which its larvae (maggots) eat the living tissue of warm-blooded animals. It is present in the New World tropics.
The larvae are responsible for their common name, the screwworm, because they possess small spines on each body segment that resemble a screw's threads. After the larvae hatch, they dive into the wound and burrow deeper, perpendicular to the skin surface, eating into live flesh, again resembling a screw being driven into an object.
Cochliomyia spp. (screw-worm fly) [15] Phormia spp. (black-bottle fly) [16] Calliphora spp. (blue-bottle fly) [17] Sarcophaga spp. (flesh fly or sarcophagids) Flesh flies, or sarcophagids, members of the family Sarcophagidae, can cause intestinal myiasis in humans if the females lay their eggs on meat or fruit. [18]
Male worms measure about 40 mm, and female worms are about 70 mm long. Infection occurs perorally via intermediate hosts (various dung beetles) or via paratenic hosts such as chickens, reptiles, and rodents infected by eating the beetles. The larva migrates through the wall of the aorta, where it remains for about three months, and from there ...
Tricyclic antidepressants reduce PHN pain, but their use is limited by side effects. [2] Opioid medications are not generally recommended for treatment except in specific circumstances. Such cases should involve a pain specialist in patient care due to mixed evidence of efficacy and concerns about potential for abuse and addiction .
Infections with Trypanosoma species are treated, either prophylactically or to treat acute cases with synthetic chemical drugs such as diminazine. [64] Infections with nematode worms causing filariosis may be treated with the avermectin class of biologically derived drugs (macrocyclic lactones) such as ivermectin, doramectin, moxidectin. [65]
Maggot therapy (also known as larval therapy) is a type of biotherapy involving the introduction of live, disinfected maggots (fly larvae) into non-healing skin and soft-tissue wounds of a human or other animal for the purpose of cleaning out the necrotic (dead) tissue within a wound (debridement), and disinfection.
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [2] [7] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [1] Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area.
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