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Their empire collapsed when their camps and villages were repeatedly decimated by epidemics of smallpox and cholera in the late 1840s, and in bloody conflict with settlers, the Texas Rangers, and the U.S. Army. The population plunged from 20,000 to just a few thousand by the 1870s.
Texas was formerly called the Republic of Texas, a sovereign state for nine years prior to the Texas annexation by the United States. Accordingly, its sovereignty was not recognized by Mexico although Texas defeated the Mexican forces in the Texas Revolution , and authorities in Texas did not actually control all of its claimed territory.
A. R. Roessler's Latest Map of the State of Texas, 1874. During the American Civil War, Texas had joined the Confederate States.The Confederacy was defeated, and U.S. Army soldiers arrived in Texas on June 19, 1865 to take possession of the state, restore order, and enforce the emancipation of slaves.
The Republic of Texas (Spanish: República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a country in North America. [3] It existed for close to 10 years, from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. Texas shared borders with Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande, and the United States. The Republic had engaged in some complex relations with various countries.
[178] [179] All of Texas was claimed by Mexico. While many sources state that Mexico recognized the independence of the eastern portion of Texas, the treaties were rejected by the Mexican government. Texas formally handed over sovereignty to the United States in a ceremony on February 19, 1846. [180]
Naturally, not all empires manifest the same dysfunction to the same degree. Nor do they all follow the same exact trajectory. Imperial Rome nicely illustrates some of these tendencies.
A collapsed society may revert to a more primitive state, be absorbed into a stronger society, or completely disappear. Virtually all civilizations have suffered such a fate, regardless of their size or complexity. Most never recovered, such as the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, the Maya civilization, and the Easter Island civilization. [1]
The first railroad built in Texas is called the Harrisburg Railroad and opened for business in 1853. [21] In 1854, the Texas and Red River telegraph services were the first telegraph offices to open in Texas. [21] The Texas cotton industry in 1859 increased production by seven times compared to 1849, as 58,073 bales increased to 431,645 bales. [22]