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  2. Gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient

    The gradient of F is then normal to the hypersurface. Similarly, an affine algebraic hypersurface may be defined by an equation F(x 1, ..., x n) = 0, where F is a polynomial. The gradient of F is zero at a singular point of the hypersurface (this is the definition of a singular point). At a non-singular point, it is a nonzero normal vector.

  3. Gradient method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_method

    In optimization, a gradient method is an algorithm to solve problems of the form min x ∈ R n f ( x ) {\displaystyle \min _{x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}\;f(x)} with the search directions defined by the gradient of the function at the current point.

  4. Vector calculus identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus_identities

    The curl of the gradient of any continuously twice-differentiable scalar field (i.e., differentiability class) is always the zero vector: =. It can be easily proved by expressing ∇ × ( ∇ φ ) {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla \varphi )} in a Cartesian coordinate system with Schwarz's theorem (also called Clairaut's theorem on equality ...

  5. List of mathematical abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical...

    Soln – solution. Sp – symplectic group. Sp – trace of a matrix, from the German "spur" used for the trace. sp, span – linear span of a set of vectors. (Also written with angle brackets.) Spec – spectrum of a ring. Spin – spin group. sqrt – square root. s.t. – such that or so that or subject to. st – standard part function.

  6. Gradient (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_(disambiguation)

    Gradient sro, a Czech aircraft manufacturer; Image gradient, a gradual change or blending of color Color gradient, a range of position-dependent colors, usually used to fill a region; Texture gradient, the distortion in size which closer objects have compared to objects further away; Spatial gradient, a gradient whose components are spatial ...

  7. Gradient theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_theorem

    The gradient theorem states that if the vector field F is the gradient of some scalar-valued function (i.e., if F is conservative), then F is a path-independent vector field (i.e., the integral of F over some piecewise-differentiable curve is dependent only on end points). This theorem has a powerful converse:

  8. Adjoint state method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjoint_state_method

    The adjoint state method is a numerical method for efficiently computing the gradient of a function or operator in a numerical optimization problem. [1] It has applications in geophysics, seismic imaging, photonics and more recently in neural networks. [2] The adjoint state space is chosen to simplify the physical interpretation of equation ...

  9. Proximal gradient method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximal_gradient_method

    Proximal gradient methods are a generalized form of projection used to solve non-differentiable convex optimization problems. A comparison between the iterates of the projected gradient method (in red) and the Frank-Wolfe method (in green). Many interesting problems can be formulated as convex optimization problems of the form

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