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Plasma gasification is an extreme thermal process using plasma which converts organic matter into a syngas (synthesis gas) which is primarily made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A plasma torch powered by an electric arc is used to ionize gas and catalyze organic matter into syngas , with slag [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] remaining as a byproduct.
Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. While incineration and gasification technologies are similar in principle, the energy produced from incineration is high-temperature heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from ...
Waste gasification has several advantages over incineration: The necessary extensive flue gas cleaning may be performed on the syngas instead of the much larger volume of flue gas after combustion. Electric power may be generated in engines and gas turbines , which are much cheaper and more efficient than the steam cycle used in incineration.
Pyrolysis occurs during the incineration of trash, potentially generating volatiles that are toxic or contribute to air pollution if not completely burned. Laboratory or industrial equipment sometimes gets fouled by carbonaceous residues that result from coking , the pyrolysis of organic products that come into contact with hot surfaces.
The first US incinerator was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, New York. [2] The first waste incinerator in Denmark was built in 1903 in Frederiksberg. [3] The first facility in the Czech Republic was built in 1905 in Brno. [4] Gasification and pyrolysis processes have been known and used for centuries and for coal as early as the ...
Technologies can include simple incineration as well as pyrolysis, gasification, and plasma gasification. All of these are able to accommodate mixed and contaminated feedstocks. The main advantage is the reduction in volume of the waste, particularly in densely populated areas lacking suitable sites for new landfills. In many countries ...
Gasification; Incineration; Mechanical heat treatment; Pyrolysis; ... Pyrolysis; References This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 18:03 (UTC). Text ...
The gasification process consists of four main stages: oxidation, drying, pyrolysis, and reduction. [15] Temperature during pyrolysis in gasifiers is 250–550 °C (523–823 K), 600–800 °C (873–1,073 K) in the reduction zone, and 800–1,000 °C (1,070–1,270 K) in the combustion zone.