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2. Iqta' - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqta'

   An iqta (Arabic: إقطاع, romanized: iqṭāʿ) and occasionally iqtaʿa (Arabic: إقطاعة) [1] was an Islamic practice of tax farming that became common in Muslim Asia during the Buyid dynasty. Iqta has been defined in Nizam-al-Mulk's Siyasatnama. Administrators of an Iqta were known as muqti or wali.

3. List of language self-study programs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_self...

   With effort, learners can study any language by comparing their recordings to the same story in a language they know. [7] The list of self-study programs, below, shows the number of languages taught by each program, the name of the program, and the number of different languages used for instruction.

4. List of most commonly learned second languages in the United ...

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_commonly...

   Below are the top foreign languages studied in American institutions of higher education (i.e., colleges and universities), based on the Modern Language Association's census of fall 2021 enrollments. "Percentage" refers to each language as a percentage of total U.S. foreign language enrollments. [3]: 49

5. Commission on English Language Program Accreditation

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_English...

   The Commission on English Language Program Accreditation (CEA) is a specialized accrediting agency that accredits post-secondary English language training programs. CEA states that its purpose is to provide a systematic approach by which programs and institutions can demonstrate their compliance with accepted standards, pursue continuous improvement, and be recognized for doing so. [1]

6. Language immersion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_immersion

   Two-way immersion programs in the US promote L1 speakers of a language other than English to maintain that language as well as to teach English as a second language (ESL). [11] In addition, such programs allow L1 speakers of English to be immersed in a “foreign language acquisition environment.” [8]

7. Bilingual education - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_education

   The goal of ESL programs is for English-language learners to learn English after having acquired one or more native languages. ESL is a supplementary, comprehensive English language learning program common in English-speaking countries and countries where English has an important role in communication as a result of colonialism or globalization ...

8. Intelligent computer-assisted language learning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_computer...

   Following the pattern of most language learning technologies, English is a prominent language featured in ICALL technology. [7] ICALL programs have also been developed in languages such as German, [8] Japanese, [8] Portuguese, [8] Mandarin Chinese, [9] and Arabic. [7]

9. Glossary of language education terms - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_language...

   In English-speaking countries, they have integrative motivation, the desire to learn the language to fit into an English-language culture. They are more likely to want to integrate because they 1. Generally have more friends and family with English language skills. 2. Have immediate financial and economic incentives to learn English. 3.