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Anhydrous lanthanum(III) chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route. [3] [4] [5] In the first step, lanthanum oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride: La 2 O 3 + 10 NH 4 Cl → 2 (NH 4) 2 LaCl 5 + 6 H 2 O + 6 NH 3
The anhydrous compound can be produced by heating the hydrates to 300 °C. If heated further, anhydrous lanthanum(III) sulfate decomposes to La 2 O 2 SO 4 at 775 °C, which in turn decomposes to lanthanum(III) oxide at 1100 °C.
The anhydrous halides are produced by direct reaction of their elements, as heating the hydrates causes hydrolysis: for example, heating hydrated LaCl 3 produces LaOCl. [38] Lanthanum reacts exothermically with hydrogen to produce the dihydride LaH 2, a black, pyrophoric, brittle, conducting compound with the calcium fluoride structure. [39]
The ammonium chloride route refers to a general procedure to produce anhydrous lanthanide chlorides. The method has the advantages of being general for the 14 lanthanides and it produces air-stable intermediates that resist hydrolysis. The use of ammonium chloride as a reagent is convenient because the salt is anhydrous, even when handled in air.
Lanthanum(III) iodide is very soluble in water and is deliquescent. [4] Anhydrous lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with tetrahydrofuran to form a photoluminescent complex, LaI 3 (THF) 4, with an average La–I bond length of 3.16 Å. [6] [7] This complex is a starting material for amide and cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum. [6] [8]
Lanthanum acetate is an inorganic compound, a salt of lanthanum with acetic acid with the chemical formula La(CH 3 CO 2) 3. According to X-ray crystallography, anhydrous lanthanum acetate is a coordination polymer. Each La(III) center is nine-coordinate, with two bidentate acetate ligands and the remaining sites occupied by oxygens provided by ...
EuFOD, an example of a europium complex. It has been known since the early 1930s that the salts of certain lanthanides are fluorescent. [4] The reaction of lanthanide salts with nucleic acids was discussed in a number of publications during the 1930s and the 1940s where lanthanum-containing reagents were employed for the fixation of nucleic acid structures. [3]
Lanthanum(III) nitrate is any inorganic compound with the chemical formula La(NO 3) 3 ·xH 2 O. It is used in the extraction and purification of lanthanum from its ores. [5] The compound decomposes at 499°C to lanthanum oxide, nitric oxide and oxygen. [3]