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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Retinal hemorrhage is strongly associated with child abuse in infants and young children [3] and often leaves such abused infants permanently blind. In older children and adults, retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia, leukemia or diabetes.
The most common cause found in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Abnormal blood vessels can form in the back of the eye of a person with diabetes. These new blood vessels are weaker and prone to breaking and causing hemorrhage. [2] Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 31.5–54% of all cases of vitreous hemorrhage in adults in the United States. [1]
Diabetic retinopathy affects about 5 million people and retinopathy of prematurity affect about 50,000 premature infants each year worldwide. [ 6 ] [ 27 ] Hypertensive retinopathy is the next most common cause affecting anywhere from 3 to 14% of all non-diabetic adults.
Diagnosis of wet (or late-stage) AMD may include the following in addition to the above tests: Preferential hyperacuity perimetry changes (for wet AMD). Preferential hyperacuity perimetry is a test that detects drastic changes in vision and involves the macula being stimulated with distorted patterns of dots and the patient identification of ...
Cotton wool spots have become one of the hallmarks of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, a condition caused by damaged blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar. [10] Abundant cotton wool spots are also found in hypertensive retinopathy , including malignant hypertension , where the white patches are a result of a microvascular ...
In patients with diabetes mellitus, regular fundus screening examinations (once every six months to one year) are important to screen for diabetic retinopathy as visual loss due to diabetes can be prevented by retinal laser treatment if retinopathy is spotted early.
The causes of macular edema are numerous and different causes may be inter-related. It is commonly associated with diabetes.Chronic or uncontrolled diabetes type 2 can affect peripheral blood vessels including those of the retina which may leak fluid, blood and occasionally fats into the retina causing it to swell.