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Since the natural abundance of raspberry ketone is very low, it is prepared industrially by a variety of methods from chemical intermediates. [10] One of the ways this can be done is through a Claisen-Schmidt condensation followed by catalytic hydrogenation. First, acetone is condensed with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to form an α,β-unsaturated ketone.
Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or ethyl methyl ketone, [a] is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C(O)CH 2 CH 3. This colorless liquid ketone has a sharp, sweet odor reminiscent of acetone .
The enzyme 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase (DHBP synthase) (RibB) EC 4.1.99.12 catalyses the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to formate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate, the latter serving as the biosynthetic precursor for the xylene ring of riboflavin. [1]
[2] [3] [4] The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It lends its name to the family of aldol reactions and similar techniques analyze a whole family of carbonyl α-substitution reactions , as well as the diketone ...
4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (C 9 H 16 O 2), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells. 4-HNE is the primary α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal formed in this process. It is a colorless oil.
In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1] The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base.
[1] [2] This discovery occurred when Piancatelli was studying heterocyclic steroids and their reactive abilities in an acidic environment. As this rearrangement has continued to be studied, it has become a commonly used rearrangement in natural product synthesis because of the ability to create 4-hydroxy-5-substitutedcyclopent-2-enones. [2]
In some bacteria, acetoin can also be reduced to 2,3-butanediol by acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase. The Voges-Proskauer test is a commonly used microbiological test for acetoin production. [4]