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The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) is a set of rules produced by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to create a bibliographic description in a standard, human-readable form, especially for use in a bibliography or a library catalog.
ISO 690 governs bibliographic references to published material in both print and non-print documents. [3] The current version of the standard was published in 2021 and covers all kinds of information resources, including monographs, serials, contributions, patents, cartographic materials, electronic information resources (including computer software and databases), music, recorded sound ...
The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) is an XML-based bibliographic description schema developed by the United States Library of Congress' Network Development and Standards Office. MODS was designed as a compromise between the complexity of the MARC format used by libraries and the extreme simplicity of Dublin Core metadata.
There exist many bibliographic file formats to store and exchange bibliographic references. Amongst them, the main formats are the following: Pages in category "Bibliography file formats"
MARC 21 was designed to redefine the original MARC record format for the 21st century and to make it more accessible to the international community. MARC 21 has formats for the following five types of data: Bibliographic Format, Authority Format, Holdings Format, Community Format, and Classification Data Format. [3]
BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) is a data model for bibliographic description. BIBFRAME was designed to replace the MARC standards , and to use linked data principles to make bibliographic data more useful both within and outside the library community.
ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation—Format for information exchange. [ 1 ] It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation ( TC 9846 ).
The RIS file format—two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations.According to the specifications, [3] [4] [5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters.