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In chemical analysis, matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte [1] of interest. The matrix can have a considerable effect on the way the analysis is conducted and the quality of the results are obtained; such effects are called matrix effects. [ 2 ]
Synonym for binary matrix or logical matrix. Alternant matrix: A matrix in which successive columns have a particular function applied to their entries. Alternating sign matrix: A square matrix with entries 0, 1 and −1 such that the sum of each row and column is 1 and the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in sign. Anti-diagonal ...
In chemistry a convergent synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of multistep synthesis, most often in organic synthesis. In this type of synthesis several individual pieces of a complex molecule are synthesized in stage one, and then in stage two these pieces are combined to form the final product. [ 1 ]
Outside the field of polarography, Harvey's book Spectrochemical Procedures was the next earliest reference book to mention standard addition. [4] Harvey's approach, which involves the successive addition of standards, closely resembles the most commonly used method of standard addition today.
If an equation can be put into the form f(x) = x, and a solution x is an attractive fixed point of the function f, then one may begin with a point x 1 in the basin of attraction of x, and let x n+1 = f(x n) for n ≥ 1, and the sequence {x n} n ≥ 1 will converge to the solution x.
Matrix congruence is an equivalence relation. Matrix congruence arises when considering the effect of change of basis on the Gram matrix attached to a bilinear form or quadratic form on a finite-dimensional vector space: two matrices are congruent if and only if they represent the same bilinear form with respect to different bases.
It has been used as a liquid matrix for fast atom bombardment [1] and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In electrospray ionization 3-NBA is doped into low surface tension spray solvents to increase analyte charging.
MALDI is an ionization technique where laser energy is absorbed by a matrix to create ions from large molecules without fragmentation. The matrix, typically in excess, is mixed with the analyte molecule and deposited on a target. A table of matrix compounds, their structures, laser wavelengths typically used, and typical application is shown below.