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  2. Autophagosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagosome

    An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).

  3. Autophagy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy

    Within the lysosome/vacuole, the contents of the autophagosome are degraded via acidic lysosomal hydrolase. [44] Microautophagy, on the other hand, involves the direct engulfment of cytoplasmic material into the lysosome. [45] This occurs by invagination, meaning the inward folding of the lysosomal membrane, or cellular protrusion. [42]

  4. Omegasome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omegasome

    Omegasomes act as progenitors of autophagosome formation during the autophagy pathway. [14] There are various autophagosome mediators involved in autophagy, however it is the omegasome regulation of the pathway that provides a smooth transition of autophagosome formation, and enrichment of nutrients in the cells.

  5. Chaperone-mediated autophagy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperone-mediated_autophagy

    Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble cytosolic proteins that are then targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosome membrane for degradation.

  6. Phagosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagosome

    The autophagosome also fuses with lysosomes to degrade its contents. When M. tuberculosis inhibit phagosome acidification, Interferon gamma can induce autophagy and rescue the maturation process. [ 30 ]

  7. MAP1LC3B - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP1LC3B

    MAP1LC3B is a member of the highly conserved ATG8 protein family. ATG8 proteins are present in all known eukaryotic organisms. The animal ATG8 family comprises three subfamilies: (i) microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3); (ii) Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE-16); and (iii) γ-amino-butyric acid receptor-associate protein ().

  8. Autophagy-related protein 13 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy-related_protein_13

    Autophagy-related protein 13 also known as ATG13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA0652 gene. [5]ATG13 is an autophagy factor required for phagosome formation. . ATG13 is a target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through phosphorylation of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 comp

  9. Autophagy protein 5 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy_protein_5

    Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATG5 gene located on chromosome 6.It is an E3 ubi autophagic cell death.ATG5 is a key protein involved in the extension of the phagophoric membrane in autophagic vesicles.