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These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Note: "Notable" is to mean side-effects that are particularly unique to the antipsychotic drug in question. For example, clozapine is notorious for its ability to cause agranulocytosis. If data on the propensity of a particular drug to cause a particular AE is unavailable an estimation is substituted based on the pharmacologic profile of the drug.
Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [5] [6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotics (neuroleptic) or other drugs that block the effects of dopamine. [1] [7] Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [1]
It remains unclear whether the newer antipsychotics reduce the chances of developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a rare but serious and potentially fatal neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to antipsychotics (neuroleptics). [13] Most people on antipsychotics get side effects.
Individuals may MUA antipsychotics for various reasons, including recreational purposes, self-medication, or attempting to alter their mental or emotional state.The most common forms of antipsychotic abuse may include non-prescribed use, which involves the use of antipsychotic medications without a valid legal prescription or the absence of medical supervision.
Serious side effects may include movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. [6] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally not recommended. [ 10 ] It is a typical antipsychotic which is believed to work by reducing the action of dopamine in the brain.
Antipsychotics are drugs used to treat various symptoms of psychosis, such as those caused by psychotic disorders or schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotics are also used as mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder , and they can augment the action of antidepressants in major depressive disorder . [ 22 ]