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The treatment of choice is a single dose of benzathine benzylpenicillin given by intramuscular injection, or a five-day to one-week course of either oral penicillin or intramuscular procaine benzylpenicillin. [9] Erythromycin or doxycycline may be given instead to people who are allergic to penicillin.
Erysipelas (/ ˌ ɛ r ə ˈ s ɪ p ə l ə s /) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, nonacid-fast, nonmotile bacterium.Distributed worldwide, E. rhusiopathiae is primarily considered an animal pathogen, causing the disease known as erysipelas that may affect a wide range of animals.
The treatment of choice is penicillin, and the duration of treatment is around 10 days. [23] Antibiotic therapy (using injected penicillin) has been shown to reduce the risk of acute rheumatic fever. [24] In individuals with a penicillin allergy, erythromycin, other macrolides, and cephalosporins have been shown to be effective treatments. [25]
The best-known species within the genus is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which is the cause of erysipelas of domestic pigs, poultry and other animal species. In humans, E. rhusiopathiae infections are termed erysipeloid.
Perianal cellulitis, also known as perianitis or perianal streptococcal dermatitis, is a bacterial infection affecting the lower layers of the skin around the anus. [1] [2] [3] It presents as bright redness in the skin and can be accompanied by pain, difficulty defecating, itching, and bleeding.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
TMP/SMX is commonly used due to its ability to achieve high concentrations in urinary tract tissues and urine. This antibiotic combination demonstrates notable efficacy in both the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. [12] Common adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, rash,pruritus, and photosensitivity. [26]