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Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S.It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid.It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether.
The approach exploits the meta-directing effect of the sulfonic acid group. 2-Chlorotoluene for example can be prepared by chlorination of p-toluenesulfonic acid , followed by hydrolysis. The method is also useful for the preparation of 2,6- dinitroaniline [ 3 ] and 2-bromophenol via phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid.
Bisphenol S is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of phenol with one equivalent of sulfuric acid or oleum. [41] 2 C 6 H 5 OH + H 2 SO 4 → (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 SO 2 + 2 H 2 O 2 C 6 H 5 OH + SO 3 → (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 SO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction can also produce 2,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, a common isomeric complication in electrophilic aromatic ...
Benzene can be easily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic aromatic substitution via a benzyne intermediate. [1] It is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C and 300 bar or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C to convert it to sodium phenoxide , which yields phenol upon acidification. [ 2 ]
Arylsulfonyl chlorides are made industrially in a two-step, one-pot reaction from an arene (in this case, benzene) and chlorosulfuric acid: [4] C 6 H 6 + HOSO 2 Cl → C 6 H 5 SO 3 H + HCl C 6 H 5 SO 3 H + HOSO 2 Cl → C 6 H 5 SO 2 Cl + H 2 SO 4. The intermediate benzenesulfonic acid can be chlorinated with thionyl chloride as well.
The main steps in this process are the production of chlorobenzene from benzene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen, and the subsequent hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol. [4] The first step uses either a copper or iron chloride catalyst and exposes the materials to air at 200–250 °C.
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Via the Hock rearrangement, cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide cleaves to give phenol and cyclohexanone. Cyclohexanone is an important precursor to some nylons. [8] Starting with the alkylation of benzene with mixture of 1 and 2-butenes, the cumene process produces phenol and butanones. [5]