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1.7 to 2.9 km/s (3800 to 6500 mi/h) for liquid monopropellants; 2.9 to 4.5 km/s (6500 to 10100 mi/h) for liquid bipropellants; 2.1 to 3.2 km/s (4700 to 7200 mi/h) for solid propellants; As a note of interest, v e is sometimes referred to as the ideal exhaust gas velocity because it based on the assumption that the exhaust gas behaves as an ...
A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube which is pinched in the middle, with a rapid convergence and gradual divergence. It is used to accelerate a compressible fluid to supersonic speeds in the axial (thrust) direction, by converting the thermal energy of the flow into kinetic energy .
A de Laval nozzle has a convergent section followed by a divergent section and is often called a convergent-divergent (CD) nozzle ("con-di nozzle"). Convergent nozzles accelerate subsonic fluids. If the nozzle pressure ratio is high enough, then the flow will reach sonic velocity at the narrowest point (i.e. the nozzle throat).
The Jumo 004 had a large area for starting to prevent overheating the turbine and a smaller area for take-off and flight to give higher exhaust velocity and thrust. The 004's Zwiebel possessed a 40 cm (16 in) range of forward/reverse travel to vary the exhaust nozzle area, driven by an electric motor-driven mechanism within the body's divergent ...
Due to various losses in real engines, the actual exhaust velocity is different from the I sp "velocity" (and for cars there isn't even a sensible definition of "actual exhaust velocity"). Rather, the specific impulse is just that: a physical momentum from a physical quantity of propellant (be that in mass or weight).
1. Greek Yogurt. Healthy nails need protein and lots of it. “Nails are made of a protein called keratin, the same protein that’s found in your hair,” says Moody. “Keratin is considered a ...
Exhaust or Nozzle – Turbine exhaust gases pass through the propelling nozzle to produce a high velocity jet. The nozzle is usually convergent with a fixed flow area. Supersonic nozzle – For high nozzle pressure ratios (Nozzle Entry Pressure/Ambient Pressure) a convergent-divergent (de Laval) nozzle is used. The expansion to atmospheric ...
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