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Brig. Gen. Soepardjo. Mustafa Sjarief Soepardjo (23 March 1923 – 16 May 1970), also known as Supardjo, was a Brigadier General in the Indonesian Army.He was one of the leaders of the 30 September Movement, a group that killed six of the army's top generals and launched a failed coup attempt on 1 October 1965.
Massacre of the members of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and alleged communist sympathizers in revenge for the 30 September Movement. East Timor genocide: 1975–1999 East Timor (then under Indonesian occupation as the East Timor Province) 100,000–300,000
30 September Movement; Part of the Cold War in Asia and Transition to the New Order: Pancasila Sakti Monument. Victims found in Lubang Buaya.From left to right: General Ahmad Yani, Brigadier General D. I. Pandjaitan, Major General R. Suprapto, Brigadier General Sutoyo Siswomiharjo, Major General M. T. Haryono, Major General S. Parman, First Lieutenant Pierre Tendean.
Although the PKI supported Sukarno, it retained its political autonomy; in March 1960, the party denounced the president's undemocratic handling of the budget. On 8 July of that year, Harian Rakyat carried an article critical of the government. The PKI leadership was arrested by the army, but was later released in accordance with Sukarno's orders.
There was no disguise associated with PKI membership, and most suspects were easy to identify within communities. [65] The U.S. Embassy in Jakarta supplied the Indonesian military with lists of up to 5,000 suspected communists. [33] [35] [36] Although some PKI branches organised resistance and reprisal killings, most went passively to their ...
When the PKI supported unilateral land seizures, local PNI members attacked the PKI. [30] Hadisubeno Sosrowerdojo, the final PNI chairman. On 30 September 1965, a coup attempt took place that was subsequently blamed on the PKI. In the aftermath of this, the PNI, which was seen as a PKI-collaborator, faced strong pressure from the army to purge ...
The burnt-out car of Brigadier Mallaby where he was killed on 30 October 1945. Mallaby was killed on 30 October 1945. At the time, he was travelling about Surabaya under a white flag to spread the news about the ceasefire agreement [16] and rescue some stranded Mahratta troops, despite being warned of the danger by Force 136 troops. [15]
The most widely accepted estimates are that more than 500,000 people were killed. The purge was a pivotal event in the transition to the "New Order"; the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) was eliminated as a political force. The failed coup released pent-up communal hatreds which were fanned by the Indonesian Army, which quickly blamed the PKI.