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Bovine serum albumin (BSA or "Fraction V") is a serum albumin protein derived from cows. It is often used as a protein concentration standard in lab experiments. The nickname "Fraction V" refers to albumin being the fifth fraction of the original Edwin Cohn purification methodology that made use of differential solubility characteristics of plasma proteins.
A number of blood transport proteins are evolutionarily related in the albumin family, including serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, vitamin D-binding protein and afamin. [3] [4] [5] This family is only found in vertebrates. [6] Albumins in a less strict sense can mean other proteins that coagulate under certain conditions.
Exceptions are mainly those values that denote total blood concentration, and in this article they are: [3] All values in Hematology – red blood cells (except hemoglobin in plasma) All values in Hematology – white blood cells; Platelet count (Plt) A few values are for inside red blood cells only: Vitamin B 9 (folic acid/folate) in red blood ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
The brain can regulate blood flow over a range of blood pressure values by vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the arteries. [56] High pressure receptors called baroreceptors in the walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinus (at the beginning of the internal carotid artery) monitor the arterial blood pressure. [57]
Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, [9] [10] with an average density around 1060 kg/m 3, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m 3. [11] The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 litres (11 US pt) or 1.3 gallons, [10] which is composed of plasma and formed elements.
The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100–130 average 125 mL/min/1.73m 2 in men and 90–120 ml/min/1.73m 2 in women younger than the age of 40. In children, GFR measured by inulin clearance is 110 mL/min/1.73 m 2 until 2 years of age in both sexes, and then it progressively decreases.
In blood plasma, zinc is bound to and transported by albumin (60%, low-affinity) and transferrin (10%). [196] Because transferrin also transports iron, excessive iron reduces zinc absorption, and vice versa. A similar antagonism exists with copper. [215] The concentration of zinc in blood plasma stays relatively constant regardless of zinc ...