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File pointers stdin, stdout, and stderr are also provided. Ken Thompson (designer and implementer of the original Unix operating system) modified sort in Version 5 Unix to accept "-" as representing standard input, which spread to other utilities and became a part of the operating system as a special file in Version 8 .
The reason for this is to distinguish between a file named '1' and stdout, i.e. cat file 2 >1 vs cat file 2 > & 1. In the first case, stderr is redirected to a file named ' 1 ' and in the second, stderr is redirected to stdout. Another useful capability is to redirect one standard file handle to another.
/A Append the pipeline content to the output file(s) rather than overwriting them. Note: When tee is used with a pipe, the output of the previous command is written to a temporary file. When that command finishes, tee reads the temporary file, displays the output, and writes it to the file(s) given as command-line argument.
If the target is a non-existent section of an existing page, then the redirect will take the reader to the top of the target page. Chains of redirects are not followed. If title A redirects to B, and B is itself a redirect page, then a reader navigating to A will see the display of the redirect page B (as illustrated).
ICMP Redirect Message, a mechanism for routers to convey routing information to hosts; URL redirection, a mechanism for making a web page available under more than one address; Redirection (computing), the redirection of streams of data into one another
The main function accepts the name of a single page. It determines if the page is a redirect; if so it looks up the page, extracts the target, and returns the target name as text. Its usage is {{#invoke:redirect|main|page-name}}. If page-name does not exist or is not a redirect then page-name is returned.
var x1 = 0; // A global variable, because it is not in any function let x2 = 0; // Also global, this time because it is not in any block function f {var z = 'foxes', r = 'birds'; // 2 local variables m = 'fish'; // global, because it wasn't declared anywhere before function child {var r = 'monkeys'; // This variable is local and does not affect the "birds" r of the parent function. z ...
The command ls -l is executed as a process, the output (stdout) of which is piped to the input (stdin) of the process for grep key; and likewise for the process for less. Each process takes input from the previous process and produces output for the next process via standard streams .