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Phred quality scores shown on a DNA sequence trace. A Phred quality score is a measure of the quality of the identification of the nucleobases generated by automated DNA sequencing. [1] [2] It was originally developed for the computer program Phred to help in the automation of DNA sequencing in the Human Genome Project.
FASTQ format is a text-based format for storing both a biological sequence (usually nucleotide sequence) and its corresponding quality scores.Both the sequence letter and quality score are each encoded with a single ASCII character for brevity.
Phred is often used together with another software program called Phrap, which is a program for DNA sequence assembly. Phrap was routinely used in some of the largest sequencing projects in the Human Genome Sequencing Project and is currently one of the most widely used DNA sequence assembly programs in the biotech industry.
The q-value can be interpreted as the false discovery rate (FDR): the proportion of false positives among all positive results. Given a set of test statistics and their associated q-values, rejecting the null hypothesis for all tests whose q-value is less than or equal to some threshold ensures that the expected value of the false discovery rate is .
In bioinformatics, sequence analysis is the process of subjecting a DNA, ... and a quality score, which is often expressed on a PHRED scale. [14] ...
Given a set of contigs, the N50 is defined as the sequence length of the shortest contig at 50% of the total assembly length. It can be thought of as the point of half of the mass of the distribution; the number of bases from all contigs longer than the N50 will be close to the number of bases from all contigs shorter than the N50 .
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This score sheet is usually in the form of a bell curve where a respondent can place most Q sorts at the middle and the fewest Q sorts at the far ends of the score sheets. The sample of statements for a Q sort is drawn from and claimed by the researcher to be representative of a "concourse"—the sum of all things people say or think about the ...