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As treatment, McKenzie recommended exercises and postural instructions which restore or maintain the lumbar lordosis. Although exercises involving lumbar spine extension are emphasized in this treatment protocol, particularly in the early stages, lumbar flexion exercises are usually added at a later time in order that the patient has full range ...
The McKenzie method is a technique primarily used in physical therapy.It was developed in the late 1950s by New Zealand physiotherapist Robin McKenzie. [1] [2] [3] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called "Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)" – a system encompassing assessment, diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities.
These exercises only work if they are limiting low back pain. [59] Exercise programs that incorporate stretching only are not recommended for acute low back pain. Stretching, especially with limited range of motion, can impede future progression of treatment like limiting strength and limiting exercises. [59]
Spinal adjustment and chiropractic adjustment are terms used by chiropractors to describe their approaches to spinal manipulation, as well as some osteopaths, who use the term adjustment. Despite anecdotal success, there is no scientific evidence that spinal adjustment is effective against disease.
Spinal manipulation appears to provide similar effects to other recommended treatments for chronic low back pain. [57] There is no evidence it is more effective than other therapies or sham, or as an adjunct to other treatments, for acute low back pain [58] "Back school" is an intervention that consists of both education and physical exercises.
It can reliably identify spinal nerve root compression for L2, L3, and L4. [2] It is usually positive for L2-L3 and L3-L4 (high lumbar) disc protrusions, slightly positive or negative in L4–L5 disc protrusions, and negative in cases of lumbosacral disc protrusion. [3]
[9] Spinal manipulation may be cost-effective for sub-acute or chronic low back pain, but the results for acute low back pain were insufficient. [10] No compelling evidence exists to indicate that maintenance chiropractic care adequately prevents symptoms or diseases. [11]
A back extension is an exercise that works the lower back as well as the mid and upper back, specifically the erector spinae muscles. There are two erector spinae, one on either side of the spine, that run along its length. These are formed of three smaller muscles – spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis. [1]