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The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing and olfaction.
The evolution of the central sulcus is theorized to have occurred in mammals when the complete dissociation of the original somatosensory cortex from its mirror duplicate developed in placental mammals such as primates, [1] though the development did not stop there as time progressed the distinction between the two cortices grew.
Each cerebral hemisphere has an outer layer of cerebral cortex which is of grey matter and in the interior of the cerebral hemispheres is an inner layer or core of white matter known as the centrum semiovale. [3]
The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system.It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum.
The cerebellum (pl.: cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.Although usually smaller than the cerebrum, in some animals such as the mormyrid fishes it may be as large as it or even larger. [1]
Language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right-handed individuals. [7] While language production is left-lateralized in up to 90% of right-handers, it is more bilateral, or even right-lateralized, in approximately 50% of left-handers. [8]
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates.In humans and other primates, differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum.
Brain–body mass relationship for mammals [dubious – discuss]. Brain–body mass ratio, also known as the brain–body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases.