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  2. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    Lewis structure of a water molecule. Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs) – are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.

  3. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    [1]: 416 The geometry of the central atoms and their non-bonding electron pairs in turn determine the geometry of the larger whole molecule. The number of electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom is determined after drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule, and expanding it to show all bonding groups and lone pairs of electrons.

  4. Lone pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_pair

    Lone pairs (shown as pairs of dots) in the Lewis structure of hydroxide. In science, a lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond [1] and is sometimes called an unshared pair or non-bonding pair. Lone pairs are found in the outermost electron shell of atoms.

  5. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths , bond angles , torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.

  6. Chemical bonding of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bonding_of_water

    The simple MO diagram of H 2 O is shown on the right. [2] [3] Following simple symmetry treatments, the 1s orbitals of hydrogen atom are premixed as a 1 and b 1. Orbitals of same symmetry and similar energy levels can then be mixed to form a new set of molecular orbitals with bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding characteristics. In the simple ...

  7. Electron pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_pair

    Gilbert N. Lewis introduced the concepts of both the electron pair and the covalent bond in a landmark paper he published in 1916. [1] [2] MO diagrams depicting covalent (left) and polar covalent (right) bonding in a diatomic molecule. In both cases a bond is created by the formation of an electron pair.

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  9. Structural formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

    Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space.