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An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months.
The Binet-Simon Intelligence Test was the first intelligence test that could be used to predict scholarly performance and which was widely accepted by the fields of psychology and psychiatry. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The development of the test started in 1905 with Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon in Paris, France.
David Wechsler, using the clinical and statistical skills he gained under Charles Spearman and as a World War I psychology examiner, crafted a series of intelligence tests. These eventually surpassed other such measures, becoming the most widely used and popular intelligence assessment tools for many years.
In psychometrics, human intelligence is commonly assessed by intelligence quotient (IQ) tests, although the validity of these tests is disputed. Several subcategories of intelligence, such as emotional intelligence and social intelligence , have been proposed, and there remains significant debate as to whether these represent distinct forms of ...
The cognitive-psychology approach vs. psychometric approach to intelligence - American Scientist magazine; History of Influences in the Development of Intelligence Theory and Testing - Developed by Jonathan Plucker at Indiana University; Scholarly journals and societies. Intelligence (journal homepage) International Society for Intelligence ...
Such testing is used in psychology and psychometrics, as well as other fields studying human and animal intelligence. Modern cognitive tests originated through the work of James McKeen Cattell who coined the term "mental tests". They followed Francis Galton's development of physical and physiological tests. For example, Galton measured strength ...
Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.In the fields of psychological testing and educational testing, "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests". [1]
The Cognitive Abilities Test Fourth Edition (CAT4) is an alternative set of cognitive tests used by many schools in the UK, Ireland, and internationally. [7] The tests were created by GL Education [8] to assess cognitive abilities and predict the future performance of a student.