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A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and explosive eruptions. [2] Some have collapsed summit craters called calderas. [3]
A volcano needs a reservoir of molten magma (e.g. a magma chamber), a conduit to allow magma to rise through the crust, and a vent to allow the magma to escape above the surface as lava. The erupted volcanic material (lava and tephra) that is deposited around the vent is known as a volcanic edifice, typically a volcanic cone or mountain. [2] [22]
Tallest active volcano in Europe. Recently erupted in 2013 and volcanic activity is still ongoing. Listed as a Decade Volcano. Mount Vesuvius, located 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) east of Naples in Campania. Famous for its violent eruption in August 24, A.D. 79. Its last eruption happened in March 1944. Designated a Decade Volcano.
Name Elevation Location Last eruption meters feet Coordinates; Malumalu: Last 8,000 years Ta‘u-931: 3054: 30,000 years ago [15]: Ofu-Olosega: 639: 2096: 1866 unnamed submarine cone eruption
List of volcanoes in Eritrea; List of volcanoes in Ethiopia; List of volcanoes in Kenya; List of volcanoes in Libya; List of volcanoes in Madagascar; List of volcanoes of Mauritius; In Nigeria all the volcanoes are in the Biu Plateau; List of volcanoes in Réunion; List of volcanoes in Rwanda; São Tomé and Príncipe has only one volcano, Pico ...
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. [1] They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano. [ 2 ]
San Pedro is a Holocene composite volcano in northern Chile and at 6,155 metres (20,194 ft) in elevation one of the highest active volcanoes in the world. Part of the Chilean Andes' volcanic segment, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the four tracts of the Andean Volcanic Belt.
When the lava is eruptive and blows into the air, it separates into small fragments that solidify and fall around the central vent to form an oval cone at the top of the volcano. “Composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes, make up some of the world’s most memorable mountains: Mount Rainier, Mount Fuji, and Mount Cotopaxi.” [1] These ...