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Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with approximately 2.3 billion and 1.8 billion adherents, respectively. [1] Both religions are Abrahamic and monotheistic, having originated in the Middle East. Christianity developed out of Second Temple Judaism in the 1st century CE.
Christian influences in Islam can be traced back to Eastern Christianity, which surrounded the origins of Islam. [1] Islam, emerging in the context of the Middle East that was largely Christian, was first seen as a Christological heresy known as the "heresy of the Ishmaelites", described as such in Concerning Heresy by Saint John of Damascus, a Syriac scholar.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Although historically the term Abrahamic religions was limited to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, [9] restricting the category to these three religions has come under criticism. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The late-19th-century Baháʼí Faith has been listed as Abrahamic by scholarly sources in various fields [ 12 ] [ 13 ] since it is a monotheistic ...
The Western religions are the religions that originated within Western culture, which are thus historically, culturally, and theologically distinct from Eastern, African and Iranian religions. The term Abrahamic religions ( Judaism , Christianity and Islam ) is often used instead of using the East and West terminology, as these originated in ...
Due to geographical proximity, most of the early Christian critiques of Islam were associated with Eastern Christians. The Quran was not translated from Arabic into the Latin language until the 12th century, when the English Catholic priest Robert of Ketton made the Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete translation (Robert was active in the Diocese of Pamplona, not far removed from the Arabic-speakers in ...
This historical precedence combines to fact that Islam incorporates to a certain extent the Jewish and Christian traditions, recognizing the same God and defining Jesus as a prophet, as well as recognizing Hebrew prophets, thus having a claim to encompassing all the religions of the book.
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims , who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians .