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Pulsars that were discovered before 1993 tend to retain their B names rather than use their J names (e.g. PSR J1921+2153 is more commonly known as PSR B1919+21). Recently discovered pulsars only have a J name (e.g. PSR J0437−4715). All pulsars have a J name that provides more precise coordinates of its location in the sky. [38]
The discoveries include all known varieties of rotation-powered neutron stars: millisecond pulsars, [5] [6] relativistic binaries, mildly recycled, [4] normal, and energetic young pulsars. [7] Fourteen of the ALFA objects have been identified through their intermittent single pulses and are likely rotating radio transients (RRATs). [ 8 ]
PSR B1919+21 is a pulsar with a period of 1.3373 seconds [4] and a pulse width of 0.04 seconds. Discovered by Jocelyn Bell Burnell on 28 November 1967, it is the first discovered radio pulsar. [5]
PSR J0952–0607 is a massive millisecond pulsar in a binary system, located between 3,200–5,700 light-years (970–1,740 pc) from Earth in the constellation Sextans. [6] It holds the record for being the most massive neutron star known as of 2022, with a mass 2.35 ± 0.17 times that of the Sun—potentially close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff mass upper limit for neutron stars.
Rotating radio transients (RRATs) are sources of short, moderately bright, radio pulses, which were first discovered in 2006. [1] RRATs are thought to be pulsars, i.e. rotating magnetised neutron stars which emit more sporadically and/or with higher pulse-to-pulse variability than the bulk of the known pulsars.
Two other pulsars, PSR B1855+09 and PSR B1937+21 are known to be comparable in stability to atomic clocks, or about 3 parts in 10 14. PSR J0437−4715 is the first MSP to have its X-ray emission detected and studied in detail. [8] It is also the first of only two pulsars to have the full three-dimensional orientation of its orbit determined. [9]
Popular theories for the formation of binary millisecond pulsars require mass transfer onto the rotating neutron star from a white dwarf companion in order to spin it up to periods less than about 10 ms—a process expected to be accompanied by strong tidal forces, producing a highly circular orbit. The main-sequence companion and the eccentric ...
Millisecond pulsars have been detected in radio, X-ray, and gamma ray portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The leading hypothesis for the origin of millisecond pulsars is that they are old, rapidly rotating neutron stars that have been spun up or "recycled" through accretion of matter from a companion star in a close binary system.