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The superficial layers of the skin are naturally acidic (pH 4–4.5) due to lactic acid in sweat and produced by skin bacteria. [31] At this pH mutualistic flora such as Staphylococci , Micrococci , Corynebacterium and Propionibacteria grow but not transient bacteria such as Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia and Pseudomonas or Gram ...
Toxins and toxicants can move through the layers by passive diffusion. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and the rate-limiting barrier in absorption of an agent. [4] Thus, how quickly something passes through this thicker outer layer determines the overall absorption.
The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. [1] In contrast to cellulitis, erysipelas is a bacterial infection involving the more superficial layers of the skin, present with an area of redness with well-defined edges, and more often is associated with a fever. [1]
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In humans, they constitute 90% of epidermal skin cells. [1] Basal cells in the basal layer (stratum basale) of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes. [2] Keratinocytes form a barrier against environmental damage by heat, UV radiation, water loss, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.
Perianal cellulitis, also known as perianitis or perianal streptococcal dermatitis, is a bacterial infection affecting the lower layers of the skin around the anus. [1] [2] [3] It presents as bright redness in the skin and can be accompanied by pain, difficulty defecating, itching, and bleeding.
A skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes. [ citation needed ] They comprise a category of infections termed skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), [ 1 ] and acute ...
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin, and it is very similar to pig skin.