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"A negative norm of reciprocity represents the means by which individuals act against unfavourable treatments, and functions to keep balance in social systems". [6] In contrast to the positive reciprocity norm, the negative reciprocity norm emphasizes the return of unfavourable treatment as an appropriate response to a misdeed.
The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways—responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others with either indifference or some form of retaliation.
Reciprocity is not only a strong determining factor of human behavior; it is a powerful method for gaining one's compliance with a request. The rule of reciprocity has the power to trigger feelings of indebtedness even when faced with an uninvited favor [16] irrespective of liking the person who executed the favor. [17]
Annette Weiner argued that the "norm of reciprocity" is deeply implicated in the development of Western economic theory.Both John Locke and Adam Smith used the idea of reciprocity to justify a free market without state intervention.
Reciprocity as a transactional pattern of interdependent exchanges; Reciprocity as a folk belief; Reciprocity as a moral norm; A generalized exchange involves indirect reciprocity between three or more individuals. [47] For example, one person gives to another and the recipient responds by giving to another person other than the first person.
By complying with others' requests and abiding by norms of social exchange (i.e., the norm of reciprocity), individuals adhere to normative social influence and attain the goal of affiliation. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] An example of both normative and informational social influence is the Solomon Asch line experiments .
Norm of reciprocity – out of social obligation, an individual will respond in the same manner as another; Communication accommodation theory (CAT) – Gallois et al. (1991) and Giles (1973) – considers the way an individual interacts with another based on the context of the interaction [6] Social exchange theory; Resource exchange theory
The norm of reciprocity states that people tend to respond to others in the same way that they have been treated. For example, kind and altruistic behavior will be responded to with more kind and altruistic behavior, while unkind and aggressive behavior will be responded to with more unkind and aggressive behavior. [ 18 ]