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By the time he wrote The German Ideology (1846), Marx viewed the state as a creature of the bourgeois economic interest. Two years later, that idea was expounded in The Communist Manifesto: [2] The executive of the modern state is nothing but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie. [3]
[6] [7] In those cases, property is generally owned by a charity set up for the purpose of maintaining the members of the religious groups. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Christian communists typically regard biblical texts in Acts 2 and Acts 4 as evidence that the first Christians lived in a communist society .
However, Marx's advocacy for the dictatorship of the proletariat and Proudhon's antagonism towards the state [4] proved uncomfortable bedfellows, [5] and the two thinkers parted company c. 1847. Proudhon's ideas on withering influenced the Paris Commune of 1871. [6] [7] Vladimir Lenin who later expanded on the idea
Social reproduction describes the reproduction of social structures and systems, mainly on the basis of particular preconditions in demographics, education and inheritance of material property or legal titles (as earlier with aristocracy). Reproduction is understood as the maintenance and continuation of existing social relations.
[6] [7] [8] As Marx wrote in his Critique of the Gotha Program, "between capitalist and communist society there lies the period of the revolutionary transformation of the one into the other. Corresponding to this is also a political transition period in which the state can be nothing but the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat". [9]
Marx and Engels wrote a new preface for the 1882 Russian edition, translated by Georgi Plekhanov in Geneva. In it they wondered if Russia could directly become a communist society, or if she would become capitalist first like other European countries. After Marx's death in 1883, Engels provided the prefaces for five editions between 1888 and 1893.
To Marx, the higher-stage of communist society is a free association of producers which has successfully negated all remnants of capitalism, notably the concepts of states, nationality, sexism, families, alienation, social classes, money, property, commodities, the bourgeoisie, the proletariat, division of labor, cities and countryside, class ...
Marx viewed the colonization of the Americas, the African slave trade, and the events surrounding the First Opium War and Second Opium War as important instances of primitive accumulation. [6]: 14 In The German Ideology and in volume 3 of Capital, Marx discusses how primitive accumulation alienates humans from nature. [6]: 14