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The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms
The side chains are: an ethyl- at carbon 4, an ethyl- at carbon 8, and a butyl- at carbon 12. Note: the −O−CH 3 at carbon atom 15 is not a side chain, but it is a methoxy functional group. There are two ethyl- groups. They are combined to create, 4,8-diethyl. The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl.
The prefixes for naming carbon chains containing one to four carbons. For chains containing five or more carbons, the inorganic prefixes (e.g. pent = 5, hept = 7) are ...
Hydrocarbon prefixes: These prefixes indicate the number of carbon atoms in a straight-chain alkane. Some examples include: meth- (1 carbon) eth- (2 carbons) prop- (3 carbons) but- (4 carbons) pent- (5 carbons) hex- (6 carbons) Alkyl group prefixes: These prefixes are used to name alkyl groups (chains of carbon atoms) that are attached to ...
The α-carbon is where the different substituents attach to each different amino acid. That is, the groups hanging off the chain at the α-carbon are what give amino acids their diversity. These groups give the α-carbon its stereogenic properties for every amino acid except for glycine.
The prefix n describes a straight-chain carbon skeleton without branches, whereas iso describes a branched skeleton, without specifying any further details. More generally, iso is a compound which is isomeric to the n compound (a compound in which individual atoms or atomic groups are rearranged)
The carbon–hydrogen bending modes depend on the nature of the group: methyl groups show bands at 1450 cm −1 and 1375 cm −1, while methylene groups show bands at 1465 cm −1 and 1450 cm −1. [24] Carbon chains with more than four carbon atoms show a weak absorption at around 725 cm −1.
The carbons of the chain are conventionally numbered from 1 to n, starting from the end which is closest to the carbonyl. If the carbonyl is at the very beginning of the chain (carbon 1), the monosaccharide is said to be an aldose, otherwise it is a ketose. These names can be combined with the chain length prefix, as in aldohexose or ...