enow.com Web Search

Search results

  1. Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
  2. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    The membrane has pores large enough to admit water molecules for passage; hardness ions such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ will not fit through the pores. The resulting soft water supply is free of hardness ions without any other ions being added. Membranes are a type of water filter requiring regular cleaning or replacement maintenance.

  3. Water-in-water emulsion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-in-water_emulsion

    Surprisingly, some of these water-in-water emulsions can be exceptionally stable from coalescence for up to 30 days. Because molecules of liquid crystal assume a preferred common orientation among themselves, the overall orientation of liquid crystals in a droplet is only stable in certain configurations (Fig. 3).

  4. Solvent model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_model

    Alternatively, a few explicit solvent molecules can be added to a QM region and the rest of the solvent treated implicitly. Previous work has shown mixed results upon the addition of explicit solvent molecules to an implicit solvent. One example added up to three explicit water molecules to a QM calculation with an implicit COSMO water model.

  5. Kosmotropic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmotropic

    Co-solvents (in water solvent) are defined as kosmotropic (order-making) if they contribute to the stability and structure of water-water interactions. In contrast, chaotropic (disorder-making) agents have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing the solubility of nonpolar solvent particles, and destabilizing solute aggregates. [1]

  6. Metal ions in aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution

    Molecules in the second solvation shell exchange rapidly with solvent molecules, giving rise to a small change in the chemical shift value of un-coordinated water molecules from that of water itself. The main disadvantage of this method is that it requires fairly concentrated solutions, with the associated risk of ion-pair formation with the anion.

  7. Solvation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation

    A sodium ion solvated by water molecules. Solvations describes the interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules. Both ionized and uncharged molecules interact strongly with a solvent, and the strength and nature of this interaction influence many properties of the solute, including solubility, reactivity, and color, as well as influencing the properties of the solvent such as its ...

  8. Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric-pressure...

    The evaporated mobile phase of LC acts as the ionization gas and reactant ions. If water is the only solvent in the evaporated mobile phase, the excited nitrogen molecular ions N 4 +* would react with H 2 O molecules to produce water cluster ions H + (H 2 O) n. [10] Then, analyte molecules M are protonated by the water cluster ions.

  9. Solvation shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation_shell

    The result is a solvation shell of water molecules that surround the ion. This shell can be several molecules thick, dependent upon the charge of the ion, its distribution and spatial dimensions. A number of molecules of solvent are involved in the solvation shell around anions and cations from a dissolved salt in a solvent.