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Cubit. The cubit is an ancient unit of length based on the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. [1] It was primarily associated with the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Israelites. The term cubit is found in the Bible regarding Noah's Ark, the Ark of the Covenant, the Tabernacle, and Solomon's Temple.
However, if a city has a concave shape and the "edges" of the concave hollow are more than 4000 cubits apart, parts of the hollow located more than 2000 cubits from the city are not included in the techum rectangle. [16] Any house which is found within a distance of 70 cubits (~35 meters) from the city is considered part of the city.
The basic Jewish traditional unit of distance was the cubit (Hebrew: אמה), each cubit being roughly between 46–60 centimetres (18–24 in) [2] The standard measurement of the biblical mile, or what is sometimes called tǝḥūm šabbat [3] (Sabbath limit; Sabbath boundary), was 2,000 cubits. [4] [5]
From these figures for the size of a Biblical ell, that of the basic unit — the finger-breadth (Etzba) — can be calculated to be either 2.1 or 2.2 cm (0.83 or 0.87 in); Rav Avraham Chaim Naeh approximates at 2 cm (0.79 in); Talmudic scholar Chazon Ish at 2.38 cm (0.94 in). The mile (Mil) is thus about 963 or 1146 meters (3160 or 3760 ft ...
A curve is divided into five sections and the height of the curve is given in cubits, palms, and digits in each of the sections. [2] [3] At some point, lengths were standardized by cubit rods. Examples have been found in the tombs of officials, noting lengths up to remen. Royal cubits were used for land measures such as roads and fields.
Noah's Ark was rectangular with three decks. A progression is believed to exist from a circular to a cubic or square to rectangular. The most striking similarity is the near-identical deck areas of the three arks: 14,400 cubits 2, 14,400 cubits 2, and 15,000 cubits 2 for Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and Noah, only 4% different.
Since the Sabbath day limit of 2,000 cubits was a rabbinic ordinance, the Rabbis had the power to exercise leniency in what concerns its proper observance. [4] It is rare for contemporary Jews living in cities to need the eruv techumin to avoid violating the techum shabbat, as the techum shabbat automatically extends to cover all of an urban area.
1 Roman cubit = 444 mm (so 10000 Roman cubits = 4.44 km, a closer approximation to 1 ⁄ 25 degree) toise – Fathom, 6 pieds. Originally introduced by Charlemagne in 790, it is now considered to be 1.949 m. arpent – 30 toises or 180 pieds, 58.471 m; lieue de poste – Legal league, 2000 toises, 3.898 km