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The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom was a coup d'état against Queen Liliʻuokalani that took place on January 17, 1893, on the island of Oahu, and was led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents (five Americans, one Scotsman, and one German [5]) and six Hawaiian Kingdom subjects of American descent in Honolulu.
The Republic of Hawaii (Hawaiian: Lepupalika o Hawaiʻi) was a short-lived one-party state in Hawaiʻi between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii had ended, and August 12, 1898, when it became annexed by the United States as an unincorporated and unorganized territory.
Though many Americans think of a vacation in a tropical paradise when imagining Hawaii, how the 50th state came to be a part of the U.S. is actually a much darker story, generations in the making.
Although the politicians changed the name of their party from "Missionary" to "Reform", many wanted to become part of the United States, not just reform the monarchy. [4]: 347–350 This was why the Hawaiian League was also called the Annexation Club, although not often in public. The Hawaiian League came into control of the Honolulu Rifles.
The Provisional Government of Hawaii (abbr.: P.G.; Hawaiian: Aupuni Kūikawā o Hawaiʻi) was proclaimed after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, by the 13-member Committee of Safety under the leadership of its chairman Henry E. Cooper and former judge Sanford B. Dole as the designated President of Hawaii.
Until annexation in 1898, Hawaii was an independent sovereign state, recognized by the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany with exchange of ambassadors. However, there were several challenges to the reigning governments of the Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii during the 8 + 1 ⁄ 2-year (1887–1895) period.
Following the overthrow of the Kingdom, the Missionary Party established a transitional government known as the Provisional Government of Hawaii between the end of the monarchy and the annexation of Hawaii. Leper War on Kauaʻi (1893) Leprosy colony on Kauaʻi rebels against forced relocation to Kalaupapa peninsula. Black Week (1893–1894)
The ‘Rock-eating song’ composed at the time is still sung today. [17] On January 5, 1895, native islanders staged an armed revolution - the 1895 Wilcox rebellion - but the attempt was quelled by Republic of Hawaii supporters. Those leading the attempt were jailed, along with Liliuokalani, who was accused of not stopping the revolt.