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This suggests the definition of a new class of inertial motion, namely that of objects in free fall under the influence of gravity. This new class of preferred motions, too, defines a geometry of space and time—in mathematical terms, it is the geodesic motion associated with a specific connection which depends on the gradient of the ...
The whole landscape of physics was changed with the discovery of Lorentz transformations, and this led to attempts to reconcile it with gravity. At the same time, experimental physicists started testing the foundations of gravity and relativity— Lorentz invariance , the gravitational deflection of light , the Eötvös experiment .
He published a Lorentz invariant theory on four-dimensional spacetime, where gravity is transmitted by gravitational waves that travel at the speed of light. As Einstein later said, the reason for the development of general relativity was the preference of inertial motion within special relativity , while a theory which from the outset prefers ...
This is the standard approach to perturbation theory of general relativity for cosmology. [10] This approach is widely used for the computation of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation [ 11 ] as part of the physical cosmology program and focuses on predictions arising from linearisations that preserve gauge invariance with ...
1902 – Paul Gerber explains the movement of the perihelion of Mercury using finite speed of gravity. [30] His formula, at least approximately, matches the later model from Einstein's general relativity, but Gerber's theory was incorrect. 1902 – Henri Poincaré questions the concept of simultaneity in his book, Science and Hypothesis. [31] [32]
It separates the spacetime metric into its spatial and temporal parts, which facilitates the study of the evolution of gravitational fields. The basic idea is to express the spacetime metric in terms of a lapse function that represents the time evolution between hypersurfaces, and a shift vector that represents spatial coordinate changes ...
The term "theory of relativity" was based on the expression "relative theory" (German: Relativtheorie) used in 1906 by Planck, who emphasized how the theory uses the principle of relativity. In the discussion section of the same paper, Alfred Bucherer used for the first time the expression "theory of relativity" (German: Relativitätstheorie ...
In physics, the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation (sometimes called the Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory) is a competitor to Einstein's general theory of relativity.It is an example of a scalar–tensor theory, a gravitational theory in which the gravitational interaction is mediated by a scalar field as well as the tensor field of general relativity.