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During the 1972 fishing season, Peruvian fisheries who largely depended on catching Peruvian anchovetas, a species of anchovy, faced a crisis in which the previously abundant population of anchovetas began to heavily deplete as a result of overfishing from previous seasons and as a result of that year's strong El Niño current. The 1972 catch ...
The Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is a species of fish of the anchovy family, Engraulidae, from the Southeast Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most commercially important fish species in the world, with annual harvests varying between 3.14 and 8.32 million tonnes from 2010 to 2021.
The Peruvian coastal anchovy fisheries crashed in the 1970s after overfishing and an El Niño season [20] largely depleted the Peruvian anchovetas from its waters. [21] [22] Anchovies were a major natural resource in Peru; indeed, 1971 alone yielded 10.2 million metric tons of anchovies.
The most common fish that are captured in the world's oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and ponds include Peruvian anchovies, skipjack tuna and Alaskan pollock, while freshwater carp, oysters, clams, shrimp, tilapia and prawns are among the most harvested animal life.
Peruvian anchoveta (E. ringens), one of the most commercially important fish species. The Peruvian anchovy fishery is one of the largest in the world, far exceeding catches of the other anchovy species. In 1972, it collapsed catastrophically due to the combined effects of overfishing and El Niño [42] and did not fully recover for two decades.
The stable ocean hypothesis (SOH) is one of several hypotheses within larval fish ecology that attempt to explain recruitment variability (Figure 1; [1] Table 1). The SOH is the notion that favorable and somewhat stable physical and biological ocean conditions, such as the flow of currents and food availability, are important to the survival of young fish larvae and their future recruitment.
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In recent years an accelerating decline has been observed in the productivity of many important fisheries. [31] Fisheries which have been devastated in recent times include (but are not limited to) the great whale fisheries, the Grand Bank fisheries of the western Atlantic, and the Peruvian anchovy fishery. [32]