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A tenfold dilution for each step is called a logarithmic dilution or log-dilution, a 3.16-fold (10 0.5-fold) dilution is called a half-logarithmic dilution or half-log dilution, and a 1.78-fold (10 0.25-fold) dilution is called a quarter-logarithmic dilution or quarter-log dilution. Serial dilutions are widely used in experimental sciences ...
The titer corresponds to the highest dilution factor that still yields a positive reading. [2] For example, positive readings in the first 8 serial, twofold dilutions translate into a titer of 1:256 (i.e., 2 −8). Titres are sometimes expressed by the denominator only, for example 1:256 is written 256. [3]
Three main logarithmic dilution scales are in regular use in homeopathy. Hahnemann created the "centesimal" or "C scale", diluting a substance by a factor of 100 at each stage. There is also a decimal dilution scale (notated as "X" or "D") in which the preparation is diluted by a factor of 10 at each stage. [9]
Depending on the expected density and viability of microbes present in a liquid sample, physical methods to increase the gradient as for example serial dilution or centrifugation may be chosen. In order to isolate organisms in materials with high microbial content, such as sewage, soil or stool, serial dilutions will increase the chance of ...
The sectors are labelled with the dilutions. In each sector, 1 x 20 μl of the appropriate dilution is dropped onto the surface of the agar and the drop allowed to spread naturally. In the original description of the method a drop from a height of 2.5 cm spread over an area of 1.5-2.0 cm.
By diluting a serum containing antibodies the quantity of the antibody in the serum can be gauged. This is done by performing serial dilutions of the serum and finding the maximum dilution of test serum that is able to produce agglutination of relevant RBCs. [citation needed]
The laboratory procedure involves making serial dilutions of the sample (1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, etc.) in sterile water and cultivating these on nutrient agar in a dish that is sealed and incubated. Typical media include plate count agar for a general count or MacConkey agar to count Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli .
By plotting F norm against the logarithm of the different concentrations of the dilution series, a sigmoidal binding curve is obtained. This binding curve can directly be fitted with the nonlinear solution of the law of mass action , with the dissociation constant K D as result.