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The runas command was introduced with the Windows 2000 operating system. [2] Any application can use this API to create a process with alternate credentials, for example, Windows Explorer in Windows 7 allows an application to be started under a different account if the shift key is held while right clicking its icon.
Since Windows XP, users can manually initiate a refresh of the group policy by using the gpupdate command from a command prompt. [4] Group Policy Objects are processed in the following order (from top to bottom): [5] Local - Any settings in the computer's local policy. Prior to Windows Vista, there was only one local group policy stored per ...
To avoid this and maintain optimal system security on pre-UAC Windows systems, it is recommended to simply authenticate when necessary from a standard user account, either via a password set to the built-in administrator account, or another administrator account. In Windows Vista/7/8/10/11 administrator accounts, a prompt will appear to ...
User Account Control (UAC) is a mandatory access control enforcement feature introduced with Microsoft's Windows Vista [1] and Windows Server 2008 operating systems, with a more relaxed [2] version also present in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 10, and Windows 11.
The command su, including the Unix permissions system and the setuid system call, was part of Version 1 Unix.Encrypted passwords appeared in Version 3. [5] The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.
The Security Account Manager (SAM) is a database file [1] in Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8.1, 10 and 11 that stores users' passwords. It can be used to authenticate local and remote users. Beginning with Windows 2000 SP4, Active Directory authenticates remote users.
Command.com running in a Windows console on Windows 95 Windows 9x support is relatively poor compared to Windows NT , because the console window runs in the system virtual DOS machine and so keyboard input to a Win32 console application had to be directed to it by conagent.exe running in a DOS VM that are also used for real DOS applications by ...
Unlike the command su, users supply their personal password to sudo (if necessary) [18] rather than that of the superuser or other account. This allows authorized users to exercise altered privileges without compromising the secrecy of the other account's password. [19]