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The anal canal is the part that connects the rectum to the anus, located below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. [1] It is located within the anal triangle of the perineum, between the right and left ischioanal fossa. As the final functional segment of the bowel, it functions to regulate release of excrement by two muscular sphincter complexes ...
The pectinate line (dentate line) is a line which divides the upper two-thirds and lower third of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark in humans, and forms the boundary between the anal canal and the rectum according to the anatomic definition. [1]
The pudendal nerve that branches to supply the external anal sphincter also branches to the dorsal nerve of the clitoris and the dorsal nerve of the penis. [14] In addition to nerve endings, pleasure from anal intercourse may be aided by the close proximity between the anus and the prostate for males, and vagina, clitoral legs and anal area for ...
The human anal glands are situated within the wall of the anal canal [10] and communicate with the lumen of the canal via ducts that open at the anal valves, just proximal to the pectinate line. Humans have 12 anal glands on average (which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the anal canal). [4]
The internal anal sphincter, IAS, or sphincter ani internus is a ring of smooth muscle that surrounds about 2.5–4.0 cm of the anal canal.It is about 5 mm thick, and is formed by an aggregation of the smooth (involuntary) circular muscle fibers of the rectum.
The anocutaneous line is slightly below the pectinate line and a landmark for the intermuscular border between internal and external anal sphincter muscles. The anocutaneous line represents the transition point from non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal to keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the anus and ...
The external anal sphincter (or sphincter ani externus) is an oval tube of skeletal muscle fibers. [1] Distally, it is adherent to the skin surrounding the margin of the anus . [ 2 ] It exhibits a resting state of tonical contraction [ 1 ] and also contracts during the bulbospongiosus reflex .
The rectal venous plexus consists of an external rectal plexus [4]: 598 [5]: 294 that is situated outside to the muscular wall, [3] [4]: 598 [5]: 294 and an internal rectal plexus [4]: 598 [5]: 294 that is situated in the submucosa [5]: 294 /deep to the mucosa [3] [4]: 598 of the rectum and proximal anal canal [3] at the anorectal junction.