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Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF; also known as AUS 32 and sometimes marketed as AdBlue [3]) is a liquid used to reduce the amount of air pollution created by a diesel engine. Specifically, DEF is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water .
In 2013, the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) commissioned the West Virginia University Center for Alternative Fuels Engines and Emissions (WVU CAFEE) to test on-road emissions of diesel cars sold in the U.S. [33] [34] [35] Researchers at WVU CAFEE, who conducted live road tests in California using a Japanese on-board ...
Early in the 1950s scientists discovered that vehicle emissions were a significant factor that had been causing the air quality to deteriorate. [7] This led to the introduction of vehicle emissions standards in California in 1966, furthermore due to the seriousness of the problem, in 1970 the Clean Air Act was introduced in order to regulate these standards all over the United States. [7]
Engine manufacturer Cummins Inc. has agreed to pay a $1.675 billion penalty for allegedly installing "defeat devices" on approximately 1 million pickup trucks to cheat emissions tests.
British Rail Class 55 Deltic diesel locomotive with their characteristic dense exhaust when starting a train. Diesel exhaust is the exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine, plus any contained particulates. Its composition may vary with the fuel type, rate of consumption or speed of engine operation (e.g., idling or at speed or under load), and ...
SCR systems are now the preferred method for meeting Tier 4 Final and EURO 6 diesel emissions standards for heavy trucks, cars and light commercial vehicles. As a result, emissions of NOx, particulates, and hydrocarbons have been reduced by as much as 95% when compared with pre-emissions engines. [2]
more than 2 model years old to 24 model years old; motorcycles, diesel-powered, and automobiles 25 model years or older exempt from emission testing – includes motor vehicles registered as an Antique or Classic under Texas law (either displaying state-mandated vanity license plate or vintage-era license plates (this also includes past general ...
Basically, the HDIUT is an industry agreed to manufacturer run, in-use, on-road testing program. It builds upon the original NTE standard. It is designed to focus on compliance in the real world, and relies on emissions testing, utilizing Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) with NOx, HC, CO and PM being the pollutants to be measured. [11]