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The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye.
Optic neuritis describes any condition that causes inflammation of the optic nerve; it may be associated with demyelinating diseases, or infectious or inflammatory processes. [ 1 ] It is also known as optic papillitis (when the head of the optic nerve is involved), neuroretinitis (when there is a combined involvement of the optic disc and ...
The visual pathway consists of structures that carry visual information from the retina to the brain. Lesions in that pathway cause a variety of visual field defects. In the visual system of human eye, the visual information processed by retinal photoreceptor cells travel in the following way: Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasma (here the ...
Damage to the optic nerve typically causes permanent and potentially severe loss of vision, as well as an abnormal pupillary reflex, which is important for the diagnosis of nerve damage. The type of visual field loss will depend on which portions of the optic nerve were damaged. In general, the location of the damage in relation to the optic ...
The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that carry the visual signals from the eye to the brain. This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter. In some patients the optic nerve is nearly as large as the opening in the back of the eye, and the optic ...
Glaucomais a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma may cause vision lossif left untreated. It has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time.[5]
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerve (s). This condition is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly. The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. [ 1 ] It is often associated with endocrinopathies ...
Photopsia is the presence of perceived flashes of light in the field of vision. It is most commonly associated with: [4] Vitreous shrinkage or liquefaction, which is the most common cause of photopsia, causes a pull in vitreoretinal attachments, irritating the retina and causing it to discharge electrical impulses.
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