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Gene duplication. Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene. Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication ...
Chromosome abnormality. A chromosomal abnormality, chromosomal anomaly, chromosomal aberration, chromosomal mutation, or chromosomal disorder is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. [1][2] These can occur in the form of numerical abnormalities, where there is an atypical number of chromosomes, or as structural ...
Duchenne muscular dystrophy. P – Point mutation, or any insertion/deletion entirely inside one gene. D – Deletion of a gene or genes. Dup - Duplication of a gene or genes. C – Whole chromosome extra, missing, or both (see chromosome abnormality) T – Trinucleotide repeat disorders: gene is extended in length.
8p23.1 duplication syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a duplication of a region from human chromosome 8. [1] This duplication syndrome has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 64,000 births [1] and is the reciprocal of the 8p23.1 deletion syndrome. The 8p23.1 duplication is associated with a variable phenotype including one or more of ...
1 in 4,000 [ 7 ] DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a syndrome caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. [ 7 ] While the symptoms can vary, they often include congenital heart problems, specific facial features, frequent infections, developmental disability, intellectual disability and cleft palate ...
Specialty. Medical genetics. 16p11.2 duplication syndrome is a genetic condition caused by duplication of region on chromosome 16. The odds of developing autism spectrum disorder are elevated and comparable to the rate with 16p11.2 deletion. The rate of having ADHD is higher than in people with deletion. [1][2]
Chromosomal Mutation. Cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to a partial chromosome deletion on chromosome 5. [1] Its name is a French term ("cat-cry" or "call of the cat") referring to the characteristic cat-like cry of affected children (sound sample [1]). [2] It was first described by Jérôme Lejeune in 1963. [3]
The chromosomal instability resulting from this trinucleotide expansion presents clinically as intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and macroorchidism in males. The second DNA-triplet repeat disease, fragile X-E syndrome, was also identified on the X chromosome, but was found to be the result of an expanded CCG repeat. [6]