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Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), known when massed as reinforcing steel or steel reinforcement, [ 1 ] is a tension device added to concrete to form reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the concrete under tension. Concrete is strong under compression, but has low tensile strength.
The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1] Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete. The reinforcement is often steel rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available.
The use of fly ash or another suitable substitute could theoretically bring CO 2 emissions below 0 kg/m 3, compared to Portland cement concrete emissions of 400 kg/m 3. The most effective method of production of this concrete would use the exhaust gas of a power plant, where an isolated chamber could control temperature and humidity. [32]
The specific heat of the human body calculated from the measured values of individual tissues is 2.98 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1. This is 17% lower than the earlier wider used one based on non measured values of 3.47 kJ · kg−1· °C−1. The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution ...
Reinforced concrete column. A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
ASTM A500 is a standard specification published by the ASTM for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in round, square, and rectangular shapes. It is commonly specified in the US for hollow structural sections, but the more stringent CSA G40.21 is preferred in Canada. Another related standard is ASTM A501, which is a ...
Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not.
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [ 1 ] and is the most widely used building material. [ 2 ] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined.