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Chromosomal reciprocal translocation of the 4th and 20th chromosome. In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal, and Robertsonian translocation.
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
Site-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing at least a certain degree of sequence homology. [1] [2] [3] Enzymes known as site-specific recombinases (SSRs) perform rearrangements of DNA segments by ...
One of the sequences is thus lost and replaced with the duplication of another sequence. When two sequences are misaligned, unequal crossing over may create a tandem repeat on one chromosome and a deletion on the other. The rate of unequal crossing over will increase with the number of repeated sequences around the duplication.
Chromosome 6 spans nearly 171 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 5.5 and 6% of the total DNA in cells. It contains the major histocompatibility complex , which contains over 100 genes related to the immune response , and plays a vital role in organ transplantation .
3 = chromosome 3; p = p-arm; 22 = region 2, band 2 (read as "two, two", not "twenty-two") 1 = sub-band 1; Thus the entire locus of the example above would be read as "three P two two point one". The cytogenetic bands are areas of the chromosome either rich in actively-transcribed DNA (euchromatin) or packaged DNA (heterochromatin).
The most common type of complex structural variation are non-tandem duplications, where sequence is duplicated and inserted in inverted or direct orientation into another part of the genome. [3] Other classes of complex structural variant include deletion-inversion-deletions, duplication-inversion-duplications, and tandem duplications with ...
The result is a pair of DNAs with broken ends that can attach to other broken-ended DNA segments creating additional translocation and continue the cycle of chromosome breakage and fusion. As the cycle continues, more chromosome translocations result, leading to the amplification or loss of large DNA fragments.